國(guó)際單位制（SI）—根本性飛躍

The SI - Fundamentally better

May 20 is World Metrology Day, commemorating the anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875. This treaty provides the basis for a coherent measurement system worldwide that underpins scientific discovery and innovation, industrial manufacturing and international trade, as well as the improvement of the quality of life and the protection of the global environment.

The theme for World Metrology Day 2019 is The International System of Units - Fundamentally better. This theme was chosen because on 16 November 2018, the General Conference on Weights and Measures agreed perhaps one of the most significant revisions to the International System of Units (the SI) since its inception. Research into new measurement methods, including those using quantum phenomena, underpin the change. The SI is now based on a set of definitions each linked to the laws of physics and have the advantage of being able to embrace further improvements in measurement science and technology to meet the needs of future users for many years to come.

Across the world, national metrology institutes continually advance measurement science by developing and validating new measurement techniques at whatever level of sophistication is needed. The national metrology institutes participate in comparisons coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) to ensure the reliability of measurement results worldwide. The BIPM also provides a forum for its Member States to address new measurement challenges. The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) develops International Recommendations, the aim of which is to align and harmonize requirements worldwide in many fields.

World Metrology Day recognizes and celebrates the contribution of all the people that work in intergovernmental and national organizations throughout the year on behalf of all.

 關(guān)于“世界計(jì)量日”__________

世界計(jì)量日是一年一度的活動(dòng)。這一天，80多個(gè)國(guó)家舉辦慶?；顒?dòng)，宣傳計(jì)量對(duì)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹挠绊憽?br /> 　　之所以選擇這個(gè)日子，是為了紀(jì)念《米制公約》在1875年5月20日簽署，這也標(biāo)志著國(guó)際計(jì)量合作的正式開始。每年的世界計(jì)量日慶?；顒?dòng)由米制公約組織和國(guó)際法制計(jì)量組織聯(lián)合組織舉辦，各國(guó)計(jì)量機(jī)構(gòu)參與其中。
　　國(guó)際計(jì)量界致力于確保全球范圍內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量活動(dòng)的開展，通過(guò)每年世界計(jì)量日海報(bào)及網(wǎng)站的宣傳來(lái)增強(qiáng)公眾對(duì)計(jì)量的認(rèn)識(shí)。以往世界計(jì)量日的主題包括計(jì)量與全球能源挑戰(zhàn)、計(jì)量與安全、計(jì)量與創(chuàng)新，以及體育中的計(jì)量、環(huán)境中的計(jì)量、醫(yī)療和貿(mào)易中的計(jì)量等。

關(guān)于米制公約組織（BIPM）___________

1875年簽署的《米制公約》創(chuàng)立了BIPM，正式開啟了國(guó)際計(jì)量合作?！睹字乒s》為各個(gè)測(cè)量領(lǐng)域量值的全球統(tǒng)一奠定了基礎(chǔ)。歷史上，計(jì)量主要關(guān)注并支持工業(yè)和貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域。但是，氣候變化、健康、能源等21世紀(jì)人類亟需解決的重大挑戰(zhàn)領(lǐng)域，也成為了計(jì)量關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。BIPM對(duì)選取的部分物理、化學(xué)量值開展最高層次的科學(xué)研究。BIPM將各國(guó)的國(guó)家計(jì)量院聯(lián)系起來(lái)，是世界計(jì)量網(wǎng)絡(luò)的核心與中樞。各國(guó)的國(guó)家計(jì)量院通過(guò)可溯源至SI的溯源鏈向各認(rèn)證認(rèn)可實(shí)驗(yàn)室和工業(yè)界傳遞量值，從而保證各國(guó)測(cè)量量值對(duì)SI的溯源性。

關(guān)于國(guó)際法制計(jì)量組織（OIML）____________

1955年，國(guó)際法制計(jì)量組織作為一個(gè)政府間締約組織成立。國(guó)際法制計(jì)量局（BIML）是該組織的秘書處和總部。OIML和BIML旨在促進(jìn)全球法制計(jì)量規(guī)則的協(xié)調(diào)一致。自成立以來(lái)，OIML的首要目的是建立全球范圍內(nèi)適用的技術(shù)框架，以協(xié)調(diào)各國(guó)國(guó)家計(jì)量部門或相關(guān)組織采用的計(jì)量法規(guī)和計(jì)量管理的一致性。